Rock Mechanics : Achievements and Ambitions

Rock Mechanics : Achievements and Ambitions contains the papers accepted for the 2nd ISRM International Young Scholars’ Symposium on Rock Mechanics, which was sponsored by the ISRM and held on 14–16 October 2011 in Beijing, China, immediately preceding the 12th ISRM Congress on Rock Mechanics.

Highlighting the work of young teachers, researchers and practitioners, the present work provides an important stimulus for the next generation of rock engineers, because in the future there will be more emphasis on the use of the Earth’s resources and their sustainability, and more accountability of engineers’ decisions. In this context, it is entirely appropriate that the Symposium venue for the young scholars was in China — because of the rock mechanics related work that is anticipated in the future. For example, in the Chinese Academy of Sciences report, “Energy Science and Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050”, it is predicted that China’s total energy demand will reach 31, 45, 61 and 66 x 108 tce (tonnes of coal equivalent) in 2010, 2020, 2035, 2050. The associated per capita energy consumption for the same years is estimated at 2.3, 3.1, 4.1 and 4.6 tce. This increasing demand will be met, inter alia, by the continued operation and development of new coal mines, hydroelectric plants and nuclear power stations with one or more underground nuclear waste repositories, all of which will be improved by more modern methods of rock engineering design developed by young scholars. In particular, enhanced methods of site investigation, rock characterisation, rock failure understanding, computer modelling, and rock excavation and support are needed. The topics in the book include contributions on:

• Field investigation and observation
• Rock constitutive relations and property testing
• Numerical and physical modeling for rock engineering
• Information technology, artificial intelligence and other advanced techniques
• Underground and surface excavation and reinforcement techniques
• Dynamic rock mechanics and blasting
• Predication and prevention of geo-environmental hazard
• Case studies of typical rock engineering

Many of the 200 papers address these topics and demonstrate the skills of the young scholars, indicating that we can be confident in the continuing development of rock mechanics and rock engineering, leading to more efficient, safer and economical structures built on and in rock masses. Rock Mechanics: Achievements and Ambitions will appeal to professionals, engineers and academics in rock mechanics, rock engineering, tunnelling, mining, earthquake engineering, rock dynamics and geotechnical engineering.

Preface
organization
Acknowledgements

Part I : The ISRM Young Members Presidential Group
Chapter 1 : On ‘The Way Ahead’ for The ISRM and Its Young Members – South America

Part II : Field investigation and Observation
Chapter 2 : New Development of in-Situ Stress Measurement With Hydraulic Fracturing Technique at Great Depth in China
Chapter 3 : Application of Microseismic Monitoring Technology on Fully Mechanized top-Coal Caving Face of
Extra-Thick Coal Seam
Chapter 4 : Study of The Horizontal Crack of Hard Rock or Sprayed Concrete on High Sidewall of Large Underground
Cavern
Chapter 5 : Field investigation and Surface Detection Techniques of Abandoned Coal Mine Goafs
Chapter 6 : Optical Fiber Sensing Technology in Deformation Monitoring Shaft of Jinchuan Mine
Chapter 7 : Application of High-Density Resistivity Method in investigation of Mountainous Highway Tunnel
Chapter 8 : Study on Characteristics and Change Regularity of Tunnel Sidewall Cracks
Chapter 9 : Prediction of Rockburst Based on Microseismic Monitoring Technology
Chapter 10 : Comprehensive Analysis of Large Trapezoidal Section Workings’ Stability in Broken Rock Mass
Chapter 11 : Numerical Simulation of Controlled Perimeter Blasting and Field Test on The Fracture Zones in Guanjiao
Tunnel
Chapter 12 : Analysis of Excavation Damaged Zone of Auxiliary Tunnel Based on Field Wave Velocity Test at The
Jinping Hydropower Station

Part III : Rock Constitutive Relations and Property Testing
Chapter 13 : Microstructure Characteristic and Mechanical Behavior of Mudstone Under Water Environment
Chapter 14 : Coupling Between inherent and induced Anisotropies in Sedimentary Rocks
Chapter 15 : Experimental Study on The Adsorption Content of Coal
Chapter 16 : Experimental Study on The Reticular Cutting Rock Fragmentation With The Teeth of Single Cone Bit
Chapter 17 : The Macro-Mesoscopic Property and Particle-Number influences of Rock Uniaxial Compression
Numerical Simulation Based on Parallel-Bond Model
Chapter 18 : Experiment Study of The Thermal Deformation of in-Situ Gas Coal
Chapter 19 : Microcosmic Structure Analysis By SEM and Creep Test on Undersea Tunnel Tuff
Chapter 20 : The Method for Overcoming Salt formations Creep By Using The Relationship of Drilling Fluids Density
and Chloride Ion Content
Chapter 21 : Analysis of Empirical Estimation of Rock Mass Modulus and Its Application
Chapter 22 : Experimental Study on Mechanical Mechanism of Reinforced Cracked Rock Mass
Chapter 23 : Study on Variation of Pore Water Pressure in Dredger Fill By Vacuum Preloading
Chapter 24 : Damage Experiment of Projectile Penetration into High-Strength Concrete
Chapter 25 : Visco-Elastical Constitutive Model Identification of Rock Mass
Chapter 26 : Study on Failure Process and Fracture Modes of A Rock Bridge Under Stress By Laser Real Time Holographic interferometry
Chapter 27 : Study on Deterioration Law of Rock Strength Parameters Based on PFC Simulation Method
Chapter 28 : Fracture Analysis of Jointed Rock Mass Based on Nonlinear FEM and Physical Experiment
Chapter 29 : Study on The Constitutive Relation of Mudstone By Nonlinear Large Deformation Measurement of Borehole
Chapter 30 : Experimental and Fractal Study on The Critical Loading force for Rock Fragmentation By Pick Tine
Chapter 31 : Experimental Study on Permeability of Beishan Granite
Chapter 32 : Experimental Study on The Dielectric Constant of Tectonic Coal
Chapter 33 : Research of I Type Fracture Parameters of Rock Using DSCM
Chapter 34 : Research on Freezing Ring of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Storage Based on Multi-Coupling Theory
Under Low-Temperature
Chapter 35 : Mechanical Behavior of Claystone Exposed to High Temperatures and Its Possible Impacts on The
Stability of A Deep Nuclear Waste Repository
Chapter 36 : Experimental Research on Consolidation Properties of Tailings Granule in Paste Discharge
Chapter 37 : Creep Behavior of A Soft Rock in Triaxial Compression and Shear Conditions
Chapter 38 : Measurement on Thermal Conductivity of Compacted GMZ001 Bentonite
Chapter 39 : Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Strength Variation of Skarn Under True Triaxial Test
Chapter 40 : Experimental Research on Aperture Evolution of Single Granite Fracture Under Stress-Chemical Solution
Permeation Condition
Chapter 41 : Study on Mechanical Properties of Porous Rock By CT Technique
Chapter 42 : Mechanical Properties of Sandstone After Cyclic Drying and Wetting
Chapter 43 : Estimation of The Elastic Tensile and Compressive Modulus Through Measuring The Displacement Filed
in Brazilian Disc Test
Chapter 44 : Characterization By X-Ray Computed tomography of The Bedding Planes influence on Excavation
Damaged Zone of A Plastic Clay
Chapter 45 : Experimental Study on Shear Behavior of Rock Mass Discontinuity Under Special Stress Condition
Chapter 46 : A New Calculation Model of Mechanical Parameters of The Joints Without Cutting Through Free Face

Part IV : Numerical and Physical Modeling for Rock Engineering
Chapter 47 : Impact of Joint inclination and Confining Pressure on Strength of Sandstone
Chapter 48 : Study on Water Conductive Zones in The Roof and Floor Strata induced By Mining of Coal Seam Group
Under Enriched Aquifers
Chapter 49 : Optimization of Structural Parameters of Underground Mining Caverns With FLAC3D
Chapter 50 : Numerical Study and Application on Technology of Slotting and Blasting Down The Roof for Handling
Mined-Out Areas
Chapter 51 : The Recovery Scheme Determination of Steep Narrow Veins Based on 3-D Numerical Simulation
Chapter 52 : Study on The Bearing Behavior of CFG Composite Foundation
Chapter 53 : Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock Based on Measured Underground Karst Caves and Goaf Modeling
Chapter 54 : Numerical Simulation of Heat-Supplying Tunnel Adjacent to Subway Shield Tunnel
Chapter 55 : Stability Analysis of Stope Roof By Combined Action of Anchor Cable and Anchor Rod
Chapter 56 : Safety Assessment of Abandoned Stope – Method and Practice
Chapter 57 : The Upright Reliability Analysis of Large Stope Cemented Backfill
Chapter 58 : Effect of Water Pressure on Deformation of Roadway Surrounding Rock Based on Solid-Liquid Coupling
Theory
Chapter 59 : Simulation on influence of Different Loading Rates on Jinping Marble in Uniaxial Compression Test By
PFC2D
Chapter 60 : Reliability Analysis of The Progressive Slide of Arch Dam Abutment
Chapter 61 : Numerical Simulation of Liquefaction of Saturated Sand Using Discrete Element Method
Chapter 62 : PFC Numerical Analysis on Prediction of ore Loss and Dilution of ore Drawing Below Backfilling Waste
Rock Layer
Chapter 63 : Numerical Manifold Modeling of Sliding instability of Rock Slope
Chapter 64 : Numerical Simulation on Dynamic Response of Non-Destructive Test of Anchor System
Chapter 65 : Simulation Study on The Mechanical Stability of Subsequent Filling Mining Stope
Chapter 66 : Analysis of Deformation and Failure Effects for The Roof of Mined-Out Areas Under Mechanical Construction Load
Chapter 67 : Experiment Research of Deformation of Cavern By Using DSCM
Chapter 68 : Numerical Simulation Research on Surrounding-Rock Control of Deep Mine Cemented Paste Filling
Chapter 69 : Numerical Simulation of Pressure Relief Mining in Chengchao Iron Mine
Chapter 70 : Numerical Calibration of Micro-Parameters of The Mixed Gneiss Rock in Uniaxial Compression
Chapter 71 : Numerical Simulation Research of Goaf Caving Height in Soft Rock Mine
Chapter 72 : Physical Simulation Study on Arrangement About Mining Roadway With Short Distance
Chapter 73 : on Rationality of The Construction Methods for Wearing Tunnels
Chapter 74 : Rheological Mechanism and Numerical Simulation of Stability Analysis in A Silty Slope
Chapter 75 : Numerical Test of Fracturing Grouting of Rock Mass
Chapter 76 : A Study on Natural Classification of Loose Covering Strata and Its Effect on Drawing
Chapter 77 : The Study of Thermal-Hydrologic-Mechanical (THM) Coupled Process in Dual-Porosity Rock
Chapter 78 : Numerical Analysis on Bolting Reliability of Jointed Rock Mass With Filling
Chapter 79 : Optimization Design of Supporting and Analysis of Stability for Mining Tunnel With Soft Coal Seam
Chapter 80 : Simulation of Tunnel Excavation in Fractured Rock Masses Using Extended Finite Element Method
Chapter 81 : Numerical investigation of The Stability of Roofing With Cemented Tailing Backfill and Its Application
Chapter 82 : Pull-Out Rheological Test of Anchorage System and Evolution Characteristic Study of interfacial Stress
Chapter 83 : Numerical Modeling of Hard Rock Dilation Effect on Fully Grouted Rebar Support
Chapter 84 : A Numerical Study on Failure Behavior of Rock Containing Three-Dimensional Pre-Existing Flaws
Chapter 85 : Study on The Wall Rock Stability ofyantan Hydrologic Station’s Underground Caverns
Chapter 86 : information Technology, Artificial intelligence and Other Advanced Techniques
Chapter 87 : Research on Factors influence of Deep Foundation Structured By Soil Nailing Based on Grey System
Theory
Chapter 88 : Application of Three Dimensional Geological Models to Geotechnical Engineering Problems
Chapter 89 : Stability Analysis of Jointed Rock Based on Block Theory
Chapter 90 : Comparative Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal Frequency Characteristics Between Packsand and
Granite
Chapter 91 : A New Methodology of Block System Construction and Visualization for Three-Dimensional Block-Group
Analysis
Chapter 92 : Study on PSO-GPR intelligent Algorithm for Saturated Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rock
Chapter 93 : Stability Classification of Mine Roadways Surrounding Rock Using Genetic Algorithm Neural Network
Chapter 94 : Weights Determination of Tendency indexes of Coal Bumps and Hazard Evaluation
Chapter 95 : Application of Improved AHP Method and Variable Weight Theory to Rock Mass Quality Evaluation
Chapter 96 : Study of Seepage Generation Technology in Excavation Process Based on 3D Geo-Mechanical Model
Chapter 97 : Three-Dimensional Joint Modeling and Stability Analysis of Rock Blocks Around Tunnel
Chapter 98 : GIS-Based Three-Dimensional Wedge Stability Evaluation of A High Rock Slope
Chapter 99 : Failure Mode Classification and Control for Surrounding Rock of Large-Scale Cavern Group
Chapter 100 : The Design ofwebgis-Based Real-Time Visual Analysis and forecasting System of Landslides
Chapter 101 : GIS-Based Three-Dimensional Real-Time Dynamic Construction Management System for Expressway
Pavement
Chapter 102 : Slope Stability Evaluation Based on Projection Pursuit and attribute Mathematics
Chapter 103 : Method of Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation for Safety of Operating Railway Tunnel Lining
Chapter 104 : Prediction of Roof Subsidence in Metal Mine Goaf Based on BP Neural Network
Chapter 105 : Application of EH-4 in Field investigation of Engineering Geology for Strongly Weathered Slope
Chapter 106 : Research on Meso Mechanical Parameters Determining Method of Rock-Soil Material
Chapter 107 : format Analysis of Surpac Solid Model and Its input-Output Algorithm Design

Part V : Underground and Surface Excavation and Reinforcement Techniques
Chapter 108 : Stability Analysis and Optimum Design of High and Steep Slope in A Deep-Concave Open Pit Mine
Chapter 109 : Theoretical Analysis on influencing Factors of Fault Activation on Mining Floor
Chapter 110 : Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Study on GMZ Bentonite
Chapter 111 : Analysis of Distance Between Underground Caverns in A Water-Sealed Underground Oil Tank Engineering
Chapter 112 : Study of Key Technique of Double-Arch Tunnel Passing Through Water-Eroded Groove
Chapter 113 : The Calculation on The Thickness of Tunnel insulating Layer in Cold Region
Chapter 114 : Study of Structural Safety and Reasonable Thickness of The Covering Layer Under Open to
Underground Mining
Chapter 115 : Research on Large Deformation Mechanism and Its Control of A Loess Tunnel Entrance
Chapter 116 : Mechanism and Practice of Cable Truss Control in Super-High Abutment Stress Coal Entry
Chapter 117 : Mechanical Analysis on instability of Mining Roadways Under The Close Neighboring Gob
Chapter 118 : Analysis of Supporting Structure Deformation and Axial force in Subway Foundation Pit
Chapter 119 : Study on Key Supporting Techniques of Large Cross-Section Roadway in Compound Mudstone Roof
Chapter 120 : Elastic Analysis of Releasing Depth of Borehole for Overcoming Stress Measurement
Chapter 121 : Simulation Analysis of Failure Mechanism of Roadways in Soft Rock Supported With Bolting and Shotcreting
Chapter 122 : Mechanism of Slurry Membrane for Slurry Shield Tunnel
Chapter 123 : Destabilizing Mechanism of Deep Granite Tunnel in A Metal Mine and Its Supporting Measure
Chapter 124 : Contribution to Damaged formation and Evolution of Time Behavior During The Deep Buried Tunnel
Excavation
Chapter 125 : Drilling Technology and Development of LM Series Raise Boring Machine
Chapter 126 : Study and Practice of Railway Support in Broken and Dilatant Roof With High Pretension and Short
Cable Bolting
Chapter 127 : instantaneous Response of Pore Water Pressure in The Process of Dynamic Drainage Consolidation
Chapter 128 : Basis of Pit Slope Design Mechanics and Parameters Sensibility Analysis
Chapter 129 : Study on Checking Method for Safety of Operating Railway Tunnel Lining
Chapter 130 : Settlement of Subway Tunnel Affected By Different Pilot Tunnel Sequences Excavation
Chapter 131 : Analytical Solution for Passive Piles Subject to Lateral Soil Movement
Chapter 132 : Stability Control Mechanism and integral Supporting Technology of Roadways With Thick Compound
Roof Strata
Chapter 133 : Study on Displacement Fields and Settlement Characteristics of Composite Foundation With
Compound Piles
Chapter 134 : Study on The Rational Width of Coal Pillars for Protecting Roadway in Fully Mechanized top Caving
Mining Face
Chapter 135 : Fault instability’s Mechanical Mechanism and Technology of Retaining Waterproof Pillar
Chapter 136 : Effects and influences of Water injection on Coalbed Exploitation in Mining Engineering
Chapter 137 : Optimization of Rock Slope in An Open Pit Mine Using Strength Reduction Method
Chapter 138 : The Comparison of Surrounding Rock Stress Analytical Solutions for Three Tunnel Sections
Chapter 139 : Study of Consolidation Grouting Effect for Downstream Block of High Arch Dams

Part VI : Dynamic Rock Mechanics and Blasting
Chapter 140 : Experiment on Dynamic Stability of Soil Slope Ballasted By Un-Cemented Concrete Blocks
Chapter 140 : Hybrid Analysis of Dynamic Destabilization to HSTCC Workings in Steep Coal Seams
Chapter 141 : Study on Seismic Behavior of Frame-Brick Mixed Structure
Chapter 142 : Case Analysis and Safety Issues in Demolition Blasting Technique of An Old-Fashioned Chimney
Chapter 143 : Simulation Experiment Study on The Coal Blast Damage and Failure
Chapter 144 : Analysis on Weakening Effect of Pre-Blasting in top Coal of Steep and Thick Seams Based on
Nonlinear Dynamics
Chapter 145 : Numerical Simulation on Rock Penetration By Blasting With Uneven-Thickness-Covered Linear-Shape
Tandem Charges
Chapter 146 : Dynamic Constitutive Model of Limestone Under Shock Load
Chapter 147 : Experimental Determination of Dynamic Tensile Strength of Sandstone at Different Loading Rate
Chapter 148 : Research on The Relationship Between Rock Stress Level and The Occurrence of Rock Burst
Chapter 149 : The Fuzzy Comprehensive Prediction of Rock Burst induced By Deep Mining in Xincheng Gold Mine
Chapter 150 : Numerical Simulation for Cavity formation Process By Progressive Large Diameter Empty Hole Spiral
Cut Blasting
Chapter 151 : Technology of Deep Hole Blasting Relief of The Hard Roof of Coal Seams and Optimization
Chapter 152 : Characteristics of Ground Vibration From Blasting in A Metal Mine’s Underground Stope Below Mined
Area
Chapter 153 : Experiment on Dynamic Stability of Soil Filling Slope Protected By Concrete Slab
Chapter 154 : Wavelet Energy Analysis on Blasting Vibration Signal of Surrounding Rock Roof Considering Confining
Pressure and Fracture
Chapter 155 : Chaotic Dynamics Study of Nonlinear Rock Beam and Application to Rock Burst forecast
Chapter 156 : Research and Application of Slope Stability Control Blasting Technique in Shandak Open-Pit Mine
Chapter 157 : Analysis on Dynamic Response of Underground Rock Tunnel to Earthquake Load
Chapter 158 : Numerical Simulation of Uncoupling Charge Blasting
Chapter 159 : Numerical Simulation of Blasting Excavation Across A Soil-Rock interface of Highway Tunnel
Chapter 160 : Block Element Method for Time-History Stability Analysis of A Rock Slope
Chapter 161 : Study of Impact of Surface Blasting on Stability of Underground Tunnel

Part VII : Predication and Prevention of Geo-Environmental Hazard
Chapter 162 : A Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Rockburst Risk Prediction Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
and Probabilistic Optimization
Chapter 163 : Development and Application of BIM-Based Highway Construction Management Platform
Chapter 164 : The Study of Casing Collapse Deformation for Slump Fault
Chapter 165 : Study on The Effect of Underground Blasting on Slope Stability Based on The AE Monitoring
Chapter 166 : Experimental Research on Early Identification of Landslides By D-insar Technique
Chapter 167 : Reliability Analysis of Tailings Dams Under Both Seepage and Earthquake Actions
Chapter 168 : Study on Real-Time Monitoring and Pre-Warning System of Rock Burst Based on Equivalent Drilling
Cuttings Quantity
Chapter 169 : Reliability Analysis of Rock Slope Stability
Chapter 170 : Application of Relevance Vector Machine to Predict Rockburst

Part VIII : Case Studies of Typical Rock Engineering
Chapter 171 : Rock Mass instability Evaluation at The La Volcana Segment of The Valle De Aburrá – Río Cauca Road,
Colombia – South America
Chapter 172 : Study on The Control of Thick and Hard Roof Strata ofwongawilli Face in Mining Shallow Coal Seam
Chapter 173 : Numerical Analysis on The Stability of The Lining Structure of A Tunnel
Chapter 174 : inversion Analysis of Mechanical Parameters of Slope Rock Mass in Baiyunebo Open Pit Iron Mine
Chapter 175 : Using Coupled Fluid-Solid Theory to forecast The Water inflow for Conveyance Project of Dahuofang
Reservoir
Chapter 176 : False Tunnels As Prevention Measures Against Impact From Rock Falling on Mountainous Roads:
Experience in Colombia
Chapter 177 : intelligent Back Analysis of Constitutive Parameters for Soil Slope Based on Unified Strength Theory
Chapter 178 : Analysis on Ground Settlement induced By Shield Tunneling Undercrossing Railways and Tall Buildings
Chapter 179 : Optimization of Structural Parameters for Mining Large Iron ore Stope By Filling Method in Sijiaying District
Chapter 180 : Application of Three Measurement Methods for Determination of in-Situ Stress State in Qianan Area
Chapter 181 : Effect of Excavation Dewatering on Adjacent Underground Metro Structure for Super Large Diameter Piles in Weathered Rock Foundation
Chapter 182 : Study on Railway Support Techniques in Deep Soft Rock and Engineering Example
Chapter 183 : Numerical Research on top Coal Movement, Failure Mechanism and Supports’ Stresses Characters of
Fully Mechanized top-Coal Caving in Steep Thick Seam
Chapter 184 : Technology innovation and Practice for Construction of CFRD
Chapter 185 : influence of Blasting Vibration on Stability of The High Slope of Shuichang Iron Mine
Chapter 186 : Feasibility Analysis on 1300 Fully-Mechanized Coal Mining Face of Jining No.2 Mine During Exploitation
Approaching to Faults and Its Optimization Design
Chapter 187 : Study on Cross-Section Shape and Excavation Scheme of Transportation Roadway in Haishiwan Coal
Mine
Chapter 188 : Stability Analysis of Completely-Strongly Weathered High-Steep Rock Slope
Chapter 189 : Mechanical Stability of intensifying Mining for Residual ore Under Complicated Goaf Groups
Chapter 190 : Study on Anti-Seepage Scheme in Subsidence Area Based on investigation of The Underlying Goaf Below Mahe River

Chapter 191 : Optimization of Mining Parameters for Coal Mining Under Unconformable Overlying Stratums
Chapter 192 : Deformation Analyses of Excavated-Underground Metro Station at Different Depths in Soil-Rock
Combined Strata
Chapter 193 : Stability Analysis of Soft Foundation Earth-Rock Dam in Lake

Author Index